The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.